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 insurance:History in Russia
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Begin origin in Russia of the institute of the insurance pertains by the end of XVII centuries, when in 1786 Empress Catherine II has adjured State Zaemnomu Bank to produce in all city insurance stone houses, consisting in guarantee in this bank. Such a insurance spread on factories and plants also.
In 1797 Emperor Pavel I has adjured to found under State Bank special insurance office for receiving on awe goods. In 1826 on the initiative State Advice was created special commission, in which entered the visible public figures to Russia (the baron L.I.SHTIGLIC, admiral N.S.MORDVINOV). As a result of her(its) activity was created first share insurance society - "Russian insurance society from fire" with authorized capitals in 4 mln. roubles, which since 1827 became to conduct their own operations on acceptance on awe from fire of the constructions and other real estate.
Due to successful activity First Society in 1835 appears the new branch of the insurance - a life insurance and life incom. These operations conducted the insurance society "Life".
"Second Russian Insurance Society was created In this year from fire" with authorized capitals in 1,5 mln. roubles.
With institution "Russian Transport and Insurance Society" Russia has got the first transport insurance, sea and land, with issue advance against goods that promoted the activity to trade and has added the transport deal a stability. Later, the Society became to conduct to operations and on insurance against fire.
The Insurance Company "Salamander" concerned with the insurance against fire, but then and operation of the transport insurance, insurances against accident and lifes.
Before the end XIX age in Russia were created and other insurance organizations. Amongst them "Moscow Insurance Society from fire", "Russian Insurance Society from fire", "Russian Lloyd", "Varshavskoe Insurance Society from fire", "North", "Russia", "Zabotlivosti", "Hope".
The Foreign insurance companies were допущены in Russia only in the last decennial event XIX age ("NEW YORK", "Ekvitebli", "Urben", "General Society") and worked on life insurance and insurance against accident.
Technical, legal and economic science were are to advantage attached to insurance deal and have got the brilliant development. The Best mathematicians, engineers, lawyers and economists worked in rules insurance society on making the scientific methods of the insurance. Due to their diligences in Russia started to appear the first insurance journals: "Insurance collection" (with 1880), "Insurance bordereaus" (with 1890), "Insurance review" (since 1899.). They Were Organized international congresses, exhibitions and conventions.
The Join-stock companies promoted creation of such institutions as "Imperial Russian Fireman society", "Society of the insurance knowledges", which become academician fireman-insurance deal.
The Russian insurance society played the important role in development of the international economic relations by by transfers their own risk in перестрахование foreign society and receptions from them risk in перестрахование.
Particularly brightly activity insurance society was shown in development of the theories and practical persons to organizations of the life insurance. It was considered as important achievement to economic thought, but therefore spreading to this ideas was considered not only desirable, but also necessary deal.
The First legislative act about insurance was a decree-law of the Advice public Commissar (SNK) RSFSR from March 23 1918 "About institution of the state supervision on by all means of insurances, except social". The Decree-law has founded the Advice on deals of the insurance under chairmanship Main Commissar.
Aside from checking function. The Advice was to conduct "new insurance politician, who provided approximation to need of the most poor classes of the population, removal bad for public facilities of the competitions insurance society and institutions, address excess net arrived in treasury and, in general, prospecting the new ways of increasing incom treasuries from insurance deal".
the November 28 1918 decree-law SNK "About organizations of the insurance deal in Russian republic, insurance in all his(its) type and the forms was declared state monopoly. All quotient insurance society and organizations (share, joint-stock and mutual) were liquidated, but their property is declared достоянием republics.
The Exception from state monopoly was made only for mutual insurance of movables and goods cooperative organization.
In 1919 was abolished life insurance, but in 1920 - a state property insurance. They on change came the organized state help damaged from natural disasters.
Transition began In 1921 to new economic politician (NEP). Become be adjusted economic relations in the form of the barter between city and village, became to develop money and credit address that created the premiseses for recovering the insurance.
The Peasantry was interested in insurance property from fire, but live-stock - from case that is to say in that type of the insurance, which were broadly develop in prerevolutionary Russia.
the October 6 1921 was accepted decree-law SNK "About state property insurance", which was provided "organize in all terrain RSFSR... the state property insurance quotient facilities from... the fire, case of the live-stock, градобития vegetable cultures, as well as damage on fetter water and land transport".
The Named decree-law was reconstructed former insurance, extended his(its) sphere and is changed a row of the terms.
The Obligatory окладным by insurance on settle with the end 1921 were covered constructions, live-stock, sowings. At constructions from fire must were be indemnified everywhere, but live-stock from case and sowings from градобития - only in that губерниях, where was corresponding to decision local organ of power.
In 1921 were created Main governing the state insurance in composition Narkomfina and insurance organs on places.
The Organs Gosstraha realized its activity in a milieau of economic payment. The State having selected Gosstrahu necessary facilities, no liability on insurance operation did not carry.
the July 6 1922 in development of the decree-law from October 6 1921 SNK has taken the resolution, which has given Gosstrahu right of the undertaking the voluntary life insurance, insurances against accident, threatenning lifes and здоровью of the people and "необнимаемых by obligatory social insurance".
The Personal insurance beginning to develop only after undertaking in country of the money reform, provided stability of the soviet money. The mixed life insurance was incorporated In the course of reforms, then - an insurance against accident (individual and collective), insurance passenger.
The Development and improvement of the state insurance on the following stage was defined by total economic policy USSR. The obligatory insurance property cooperative organization Was incorporated, including insurance property collective farm. Since 1929 on 1931 was conducted obligatory insurance in state industry.
At period of the Great Domestic war of the facility of the state insurance were used on military necessities.
In postwar era are revised rules of the undertaking practically all type personal and property insurance in purpose of the improvement to organizations of the insurance deal.
Maded change and in organizing structure Gosstraha. Since 1947 Governing the foreign insurance USSR stood out from composition Gosstraha USSR (Ingosstrah USSR), as independent self-supporting organization. Before 1958 system Gosstraha was hard site, but since 1958 insurance deal is transferred in conduct ministry of finance union republics.
New Rules of the mixed life insurance are incorporated In 1956.
The Edict of the Presidium of the SUPREME SOVIET USSR from August 28 1967 "About state obligatory insurance property collective farm, are incorporated new terms of the obligatory insurance.
In insurance of the population all more increased the role of the voluntary insurance. Cashless form of the payment of the insurance dues is incorporated Since 1968 through book-keepings enterprise and organization that assisted the tempestuous development an operation on the personal insurance of the people.
In 60-70-e years were incorporated: insurance детей, insurance to wedding ceremony, new rules of the insurance home property and transport facilities.
Insurance coverage is raised In 1973 on insurance of the constructions.
The new types of the insurance appeared In 1986-87 for population and enterprise: multifunction insurance of the motor transport, baggage and passenger (автокомби), insurance schoolboy and детей from accident, insurance on one agreement of the constructions and home property, insurance product from precious metal and stone, collection, unique and antique product, insurance property lease and farming facilities, insurance property persons, concerning with individual labor activity.
In 1989 is incorporated voluntary insurance property state enterprise and organization, working in term of the self-supporting running.
The State insurance was conducted on base legislation Alliance SSR, rules and instruction, published Minfinom USSR.
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